中文姓名拼音: 威妥瑪拼音 (WG) vs 漢語拼音 (Pinyin) vs 國語羅馬字 (GR)

台灣人姓名最常見的羅馬拼音法有三種: 威妥瑪拼音Wade-Giles (WG), 國語羅馬字Gwoyeu Luomaatzyh (Gwoyeu Romatzyh, GR) 和 漢語拼音Hanyu Pinyin (HP). WG 是最古老的一種，已經有150年的歷史，同時也是缺點最多的一種中文拼音法。天才語言學家 Chao Yuen Ren 趙元任（中國語言學之父）90年前所開發的 GR 國語羅馬字（由中華民國大學部頒佈為「國音字母第二式」）徹徹底底地解決了這些問題，聲調也都用字母來標。然而十年前由中國政府正式公佈的漢語拼音使用一般鍵盤無法輸入的附加符號，使得國語羅馬字原本區分得很清楚的姓名，像{盧 Lu, 魯 Luu, 陸 Luh}, 全部混在一起，沒有學過中文的外國人無法辨認：{盧魯陸驢呂律 = Lu}.

GL-7 National Romanization (Gwoyeu Romatzyh/Luomaatzyh): Summary) 國語羅馬字總表

[Updated on January 8th, 2015]
Please reread the first six postings before reading this summary:

#1: http://wenhua-jiaoliu.blogspot.tw/2014/03/gr-1-tonal-spelling-for-mandarin.html
...
#6: http://wenhua-jiaoliu.blogspot.tw/2014/03/gl-6-gwoyeu-row-iu-finals-iu.html

Using Medials to Spell 2nd and 3rd Tone Mandarin Syllables (Gwoyeu Romatzyh)

GL-6 Gwoyeu Row -iu- Finals 國語羅馬字 ㄩ 行韻母的標調法

 

In Gwoyeu Luomaatzyh (Gwoyeu Romatzyh, National Romanization), the high front rounded vowel (/y/ in IPA), is shown as two letters: iu. All 1st, 2nd and 3rd tone row -iu- finals show tone by changing the first letter of the medial vowel (i, y, e = 1st, 2nd, 3rd tone), rather than adding a letter, so they are printed in green. 4th tone finals show tone by adding one more letter at the end, so they are written in red.

國語羅馬字 ㄩ 行韻母大部分都是靠介音的改拼來標調 (iu, yu, eu = 一、二、三聲), 因此印成綠色。四聲韻母一律在末尾加字母，因此拼成紅色。

GL-5 Gwoyeu Row -u- Finals 國語羅馬字 ㄨ 行韻母的標調法

In Gwoyeu Luomaatzyh (Gwoyeu Romatzyh, National Romanization), most row -u- finals show tone by changing the medial vowel (u, w, o = 1st, 2nd, 3rd tone), rather than adding a letter so they are printed in green. 

Gwoyeu Luomaatzyh -u- Row Finals (How to Show Tones) 國語羅馬字 -u- 行韻母的標調法

國語羅馬字 ㄨ 行韻母大部分都是靠韻母的改拼來標調 (u、w、o = 一、二、三聲), 因此印成綠色。

GL-4 Gwoyeu Row -i- Finals 國語羅馬字 ㄧ 行韻母的標調法

In Gwoyeu Luomaatzyh (Gwoyeu Romatzyh, National Romanization), most row -i- finals show tone by changing the medial vowel (i, y, e = 1st, 2nd, 3rd tone), so they are printed in green (environmentally friendly :-). There are a few special cases, however. For example, the medial vowel in解can not be changed to -e- because jee = 者 (zhě in HP), so the last letter is doubled: 解 = jiee is the correct spelling (jiě in Hanyu Pinyin, HP).

國語羅馬字 ㄧ 行韻母大部分都是靠韻母的改拼來標調 (i、y、e = 一、二、三聲), 因此印成綠色（比較環保哦！），不過有幾個特殊例子。譬如說，『解』的介音 -i- 不能改拼成 -e- （這樣會產生jee = 『者』，漢語拼音 = zhě )，只好在尾音 -e 之後加個 e：解 = jiee 才是正確拼法 (漢語拼音 = jiě)

Gwoyeu Luomaatzyh -i- Row Finals (How to Show Tones) 國語羅馬字 -i- 行韻母的標調法

GL-3 National Romanization-- Keep, Change, Add! 國語羅馬字：留、改、加！

Variations of the base form (initial, medial and final) of National Romanization are used to spell the four tones of mandarin Chinese. Words spelled in National Romanization (Gwoyeu Luomaatzyh) have distinctive shapes which are easy to recognize. This is especially helpful for foreigners struggling to learn the four tones of Mandarin Chinese. 國語羅馬字靠基本形式（聲母、介音、韻母）的不同拼法來表示漢語的四聲。『留、改、加』這三個原則使『國羅』拼出來的字，個個有其獨特風貌、易於辨認。對於外國人學習國語的聲調非常有幫助。

1 Keep留: Keep the unchanged base form; Use it to spell most first tone words and all second tone words starting with m-, n-, l- or r. 保留基本形式，用來拼寫一般陰平（一聲）字及ㄇㄋㄌㄖ開頭的陽平（二聲）字

GL-2 Using Medial vowels to Spell Tones 用介音的拼法表示聲調

1. 
   

The basic form of National Romanization usually represents Mandarin first tone
國語羅馬字的基本形式通常代表國語的一聲（陰平）：

千	川	圈
chian	chuan	chiuan

Mandarin second and third tone can be shown by changing the spelling of the medial vowel
國語的二、三聲（陽平、上聲）可以用介音拼法的變化來表示：

GL-1 Tonal Spelling for Mandarin Chinese: An introduction 拼調式羅馬拼音入門

Gwoyeu Luomaatzyh (GL for short; also called National Romanization, or Gwoyeu Romatzyh [GR]) is a national treasure, an ideal romanization for people beginning to learn Mandarin Chinese tones. It is highly recommended for teaching simple Chinese conversation to foreign friends. 國語羅馬字是國寶級羅馬拼音，是初次學習國語四聲（普通話四聲）的外國人一套理想羅馬拼音法，教外國朋友初級會話也非常值得採用。

GL uses special spellings to show the four tones of Mandarin Chinese. In order to understand why these spellings are used, one must have a basic understanding of the structure of Chinese syllables. 國語羅馬字用特殊拼法來標國語的四聲。欲了解國羅的拼法，對漢語的音節結構必須有初步的認識。

Each Chinese character usually represents one syllable. Chinese syllables can be made of three parts: An initial (= a consonant), a medial (= a semi-vowel) and a final (= a vowel, sometimes followed by -n or -ng). 通常每個漢字代表一個音節，而漢語的音節有三個成分：聲母（開頭的子音/輔音）、介音（半母音/元音）、韻母（主要母音/元音，有時候末尾還接 -n 或 -ng。

Chart 1, Gwoyeu Luomaatzyh Initials: Note that group 4 is *always* followed by -i or -iu, but group 5 is *never* followed by -i or -iu, so using "j, ch and sh" for both will never cause confusion.